Many shotgunners apparently believe the choke, like gauge, is something exact and dependable. In fact very few shotgun manufacturers agree on exactly how much constriction of the bore makes, for instance, a modified choke.

I’ve measured a bunch of shotgun bores and chokes over the years and found 12-gauge “modified” chokes (whether fixed or screw-in) measured anywhere from .010" to .019" of constriction. While .010" of choke normally produces fairly wide patterns with lead-shot ammunition, .019" will often produce what are considered full-choke patterns (70 percent of the shot in a 30" circle at 40 yards).

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